An Ingham County official is suggesting actions that could cost nearly $2 million to strengthen the county's cybersecurity following a computer network. Cyber attack cost Ingham County $86,000 and could cost $2M to prevent in future. Cyber attack. Cyber security. Ingham County.
Bipartisan legislation that aims to address the increasing incidence of opioid and prescription drug addiction has been introduced in both the House and Senate by Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) and Rep. James Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.). The Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, or CARA (S. 953), contains six major provisions: prevention and education; law enforcement and treatment; treatment and recovery; collateral consequences; addiction and recovery services for women and veterans; and incentivizing comprehensive response to addiction and recovery. Under Title I, Prevention and Education, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention would create an interagency task force to develop best practices for pain management and pain medication prescribing.
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Android Cyber Attack
The Department of Justice (DOJ) would be charged with creating a national education campaign to prevent the abuse of opioids and heroin. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) would create new grants to help implement community-wide prevention strategies for areas experiencing above average rates of drug abuse for extended periods. Title II, Law Enforcement and Treatment, would authorize the DOJ to make grants available for alternatives to incarceration programs, training for state and local law enforcement on Naloxone (which reverses the effects of an opioid overdose) and expansion of prescription drug take-back programs. Title III, Treatment and Recovery, calls for new grant funding to be made available by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment for areas that have a high rate of heroin and opioid use and for ONDCP to create a National Youth Recovery Initiative that would provide recovery support for individuals enrolled in high school or college. ONDCP would also be directed to create and expand grants for recovery services. Title IV, Addressing Collateral Consequences, would provide grants for the expansion of education opportunities for incarcerated individuals, revise the Free Application for Federal Student Aid to remove questions related to drug possession and convictions, and create a National Task Force on Recovery and Collateral Consequences which would be charged with identifying collateral consequences faced by individuals with drug convictions and recommend ways of reducing them. Title V, Addiction and Recovery Services for Women and Veterans, calls on the DOJ to create a grant program that would expand a state's ability to address opioid and heroin abuse by pregnant and parenting women and grants for family-based substance abuse treatment, and authorizes the VA to expand the use of veteran treatment courts.
Title VI, Incentivizing Comprehensive Responses to Addiction and Recovery, would authorize grants for the planning and implementation of an opioid abuse response initiative through HHS, the DOJ and the ONDCP. NACo policy supports diversion and treatment for alcohol and substance abuse disorders. NACo also supports treatment-based alternatives to local incarceration for nonviolent offenders whose core problem is substance abuse and addiction.
A devastating weakness plagues the WPA2 protocol used to secure all modern Wi-Fi networks, and it can be abused to decrypt traffic from enterprise and consumer networks with varying degrees of difficulty. Not only can attackers peek at supposedly encrypted traffic to steal credentials and payment card data, for example, but in some setups, a third party could also inject malicious code or manipulate data on the wireless network. Some vendors have already issued security updates and users are advised to patch immediately. CERT has published a list of affected vendors, but users should note. News of the issue emerged over the weekend and had even the most cynical observers on edge.
Discovered and disclosed by Belgian researcher Mathy Vanhoef of The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), the attack can be carried out by someone within range of the victim’s local network using key re-installation attacks, also known as. “The weaknesses are in the Wi-Fi standard itself, and not in individual products or implementations,” Vanhoef wrote in an advisory published today. “Therefore, any correct implementation of WPA2 is likely affected.” More details are available in a video, below, and in a research paper also published today called a “,” scheduled to be formally presented Nov. 1 at the Computer and Communications Security (CCS) conference and at Black Hat Europe. Vanhoef said he began privately notifying vendors of products he had tested around July 14 and quickly learned the scale of this issue was in the protocol rather than limited to specific implementations.
CERT/CC made a “broad notification” to vendors on Aug. 28, Vanhoef said.
He added that OpenBSD has already silently patched the weakness, which Vanhoef said he regretted because he feared attackers could reverse engineer the patch before others had an opportunity to release their fixes. “To avoid this problem in the future, OpenBSD will now receive vulnerability notifications closer to the end of an embargo,” he wrote. The attack concentrates on the four-way handshake carried out when clients join WPA2 networks. It’s here where pre-shared network passwords are exchanged authenticating the client and access point and also where a fresh encryption key is negotiated that will be used to secure subsequent traffic. It is at this step where the key reinstallation attack takes place; an attacker on the network is able to intercede and replay cryptographic handshake messages, bypassing a mandate where keys should be used only once.
The weakness occurs when messages during the handshake are lost or dropped—a fairly common occurrence—and the access point retransmits the third part of the handshake, theoretically multiple times. “Each time it receives this message, it will reinstall the same encryption key, and thereby reset the incremental transmit packet number (nonce) and receive replay counter used by the encryption protocol. We show that an attacker can force these nonce resets by collecting and replaying retransmissions of message 3 of the 4-way handshake,” Vanhoef wrote. “By forcing nonce reuse in this manner, the encryption protocol can be attacked, e.g., packets can be replayed, decrypted, and/or forged. The same technique can also be used to attack the group key, PeerKey, TDLS, and fast BSS transition handshake.” Vanhoef said an attacker could decrypt packets thereafter because the transmit nonces, or packet numbers, would be reset to zero and re-use the same crypto key over and over when encrypting packets. “In case a message that reuses keystream has known content, it becomes trivial to derive the used keystream.
This keystream can then be used to decrypt messages with the same nonce. When there is no known content, it is harder to decrypt packets, although still possible in several cases,” Vanhoef wrote. “In practice, finding packets with known content is not a problem, so it should be assumed that any packet can be decrypted.” This puts TCP SYN packets at risk for decryption, allowing an attacker to injection malicious code into a stream, including malware such as ransomware into a site the victim visits.
Vanhoef also cautioned that connections using WPA-TKIP or GCMP face “especially catastrophic” impacts. GCMP, he points out, is being rolled out as Wireless Gigabit and could be widely adopted shortly. Vanhoef said Linux and Android systems are especially at risk because of their use of the wpasupplicant 2.4 and higher, the most commonly used Wi-Fi client on Linux. In these instances, the client reinstalls an all-zero encryption key rather than the real key; Android 6.0 and above also is also vulnerable and trivial to exploit. “This vulnerability appears to be caused by a remark in the Wi-Fi standard that suggests to clear the encryption key from memory once it has been installed for the first time,” Vanhoef said. “When the client now receives a retransmitted message 3 of the 4-way handshake, it will reinstall the now-cleared encryption key, effectively installing an all-zero key.”.
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Users can protect themselves against a 'Krack Attack' by making sure their smartphone and laptop are up to date with the latest patches. JGI/Tom Grill / Getty Images Called Krack, the attack takes advantage of the four-way handshake, a process between a device and a router that has been around for 14 years and is designed to deliver a fresh, encrypted session each time you get online. During the third step in the process, hackers can resend a key in such a way that it resets the encryption key to zero. Encryption is the process that makes your data uncrackable to anyone who might intercept it. With an unencrypted session, hackers are then free to pry on whatever you and your devices are doing on Wi-Fi. 'The one saving grace is the attackers need to be within range of Wi-Fi networks,' said Rudis. 'But someone can sit outside your office or the apartment next door and do this attack from there.'
Related: The Krack attack was discovered by researchers Mathy Vanhoef and Frank Piessens of KU Leuven in Belgium and was revealed on Monday. It's a common practice in the security world to notify vendors of an exploit before it is publicly released. On their website, the researchers said they notified vendors of the products they tested on July 14. After realizing they were dealing with a protocol weakness instead of a set of bugs, the duo alerted the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT), who began contacting vendors in August. CERT disclosed the exploit on Monday and included a, when they were notified, and whether they are affected.
As of Monday afternoon, many were listed as 'unknown.' It's difficult to determine if any cyber criminals have used the exploit 'in the wild' or are currently using it, the researchers said on their website. A demo video showed how they were able to use the attack to hack into an Android 6.0 smartphone.
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Google, which develops the Android operating system, is aware of the issue and 'will be patching any affected devices in the coming weeks,' a spokesperson said. Robert Siciliano, CEO of IDTheftSecurity.com, told NBC News 'it's hard, if not impossible to say' if this attack has ever been used. However, given the amount of time the four-way handshake has been around, he believes it's possible someone has used it.
'This vulnerability has been in existence, some say, for up to 14 years — which means that it's entirely possible someone has already determined this flaw in the past and has exploited it,' he said. How to Protect Yourself Fixing such a gaping problem with Wi-Fi protocol is going to require making sure your smartphone and laptop are up to date with the latest patches. You'll also want to check for any firmware updates to your wireless router.
If you're using equipment provided by your internet service provider, Rudis recommends checking with the company for the latest information on updates. If you own your router, you'll want to check to make sure you've downloaded any patches.
Cyber Attack Definition
Since virtually every device in the world that uses Wi-Fi is vulnerable, he said it's crucial to stay on top of updates. 'I think most manufacturers will have patches soon,' Rudis said. 'But if you don’t see a patch for your home network equipment in at least a week, you should get a new Wi-Fi access point for your house.' While part of the solution is in the hands of vendors, home users can protect themselves now by using a 'virally important' tool called a VPN — a virtual private network. A quick Google search will lead to some VPN options, which range from free to a few dollars per month. And are two popular choices.
'The minute you do that, you negate this vulnerability,' Rudis said. Hackers might still be able to capture your packets — but they won't be able to break the security. You can also safely browse at HTTPS sites; however, that will require every link, photo, and anything else on the page to also have a secure domain, Rudis said, calling it 'virtually impossible to do.' There seems to be a new vulnerability being exposed every day, bolstering the need for more resources to go toward fighting a cyber threat that continues to grow exponentially. One in 131 emails sent last year contained malware, marking the highest rate in five years, according to a report from Symantec.
The growing threat is costing companies — and consumers — big bucks. Cyber security spending is expected to top $1 trillion between 2017 and 2021, according to, and that's largely fueled by the growing number of hacking threats. The disclosure on Monday was one of the more troubling ones in recent times for security experts, though they also stressed it's inevitable.
'Think of anything mechanical, even think of food,' Siciliano told NBC News. 'Occasionally you see a recall because an airbag is hurting people or because brakes aren't working because the design was flawed. Nothing will ever be perfect.'
Cara Crack Wifi Via Android Cyber Attack Cost Ingham County Jail
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